What is aerodynamics?
Let's start with deconstructing the word aerodynamics. It can be broken up into two parts: aero and dynamics. Aero, of course, means air. The main object under consideration in aerodynamics is actually air. Dynamics means we will be studying objects in motion as opposed to its relative, the discipline called statics, which means the study of objects in equilibrium that usually means at rest. Often, the study of aerodynamics actually begins with some aero-statics, or the study of air in equilibrium, before moving into the actual aerodynamics. Putting it all together, aerodynamics is the study of air in motion. This will be explored further in the next slide, however, a bit of clarification of terms before we move on. Often, aerodynamics is referred to as gas dynamics or even on rare occasion as fluid dynamics.


Gas dynamics is the study of gases in motion, and fluid dynamics is the study of fluids in motion. Air, being a gas, means aerodynamics is a subset of gas dynamics, Likewise, gas, being a fluid just like liquids, means gas dynamics is a subset of fluid dynamics. Now be careful when using the terminology because they are not fully interchangeable.
Aerodynamics, being the subset, can be considered fluid dynamics though not all fluid dynamics can be considered aerodynamics. For example, hydrodynamics, or the study of water while in motion, is considered fluid dynamics because liquid is a fluid but cannot be considered as aerodynamics because it is not the study of air under motion. So be careful when you're using these terms and make sure that you're using the right one.


What the motion of air?
 


 
It is generally the study of air as it interacts with different objects. A quick example of flow around an object might help to clarify the meaning. Let's start with a 2-dimensional uniform flow of air. Uniform means that the flow of air is unchanging in direction, pressure, temperature, and velocity these being some of the most important parameters that we talked about in aerodynamics. The object under study in this example will be an ellipse. This ellipse will be placed into the uniform flow of air thereby changing the properties of the air and the surrounding flow. Now after the flow reaches equilibrium, this change is then observed and/or measured. In our example, we might study the different pressures that develop around the object,


 

 

This is known as the pressure distribution and from this pressure distribution we can determine the forces and moments that the ellipse experiences. For instance, the ellipse will feel a drag force due to the flow of the surrounding air, namely lift and drag, are actually aerodynamic forces caused by the flow of air around the aircraft. Aerodynamics isn't only concerned with the

flow around an object. The motion of air can also mean how the air will behave as it flows through an object, like engines, nozzles, or even pipe flow. Aerodynamics can also mean the study of air without interacting with an object at all.

Types of aerodynamic drag

 

There are three types of drag there are parasitic drag, induce drag and wave drag. Parasitic drag

This is the classified into three types they are form drag? Interference drag and skin friction drag.

Form drag??

 

This is due to the shape of the object which affects? The aerodynamic properties of the object as you?? Can see the flow gets separated in the plate this? Causes turbulence and increases the drag even though the airfoil and the plate has the same? Area the plate produces more drag due to shape.

Interference drags

 

This is comes from the intersection of? Air stream that creates turbulence or restricts?? Smooth air flow for example the streamline? Was disturbed by the first airfoil and the?? Second airfoil increases drag and will not work as expected due to the disturbance in the streamline created by the first airfoil.

Skin friction drag

 

This? Is created by the actual contact of air particles?? Against the surface of aircraft this is same? As the friction between any two objects in?? The real world induced drag is the drag? Generated due to the lift.

The lift force is not vertical it is inclined at? Some angle therefore drag force increases with?? Increase in angle of attack as the angle of attack? Increases the flow separation also increases?? Wingtip vortices come under the induced? Drag the high pressure underneath the wing??

Causes the airflow at the tip of the wing to curl? Around from bottom to top in the circular motion?? This up these vortices reduces? The effective area ratio?? The wingtip vortices increases as the angle of? Attack increases since the pressure difference?? Between the top and bottom surface of the wing? Increases with increase in angle of attack.

The induced drag

 

The magnitude of the induced drag? Can be found out using the formula coefficient?? Of induced drag is equal to coefficient of? Lift square divided by pi e into area ratio.

Wave drags

As we all know the Flow gets accelerated on top of the airfoil?? If the velocity of the flow reaches a sonic or? Above sonic condition the shock wave is produced?? It can be oblique shock or normal shock and there will be sudden increase in drag due to the shock the sudden increase in drag? Due to the shock is called wave drag.

How to work aerodynamic in flight:

 

what is it that allows this 150 thousand pound Boeing 737-800 aircraft to Flynn've probably seen these large jet aircraft before but have you ever thought about that exact question what makes  it so this 130 foot aircraft can climb thousands and thousands of feet into the air is it the two jet engines both of which produce around 27,000 pounds of thrust or could it be the massive 112- foot wingspan so what is it about this aircraft that allows it to fly well you're about to find out on the aerodynamics of flight to find our answer will climb into the smaller Cessna 172s P sky hop it may not be 150 thousand pound jet, but the same principles apply most people probably understand that on an airplane the wings are what allows it to fly while the propeller

Or jet engines drive it forward this is a good base of knowledge for your average Joe however a pilot you know there's much more to it than just that in total there are four forces that act on an airplane while in flight these four forces are Lit, Thrust, weight and drag.

We'll start with lift and work our way from there now the wing itself doesn't generate lift it's   more about the shape of the wing is shaped like an airfoil a normal forward flight when passing over the wing called relative wind is what helps the airfoil generate lift when air is moving across the airfoil it is forced to move faster across the top than it is along the bottom the slower   moving air across the bottom puts more pressure upwards on the wing then the faster moving air across the top this in turn creates lift this is known as Bernoulli's principle so while the wings are creating the force of lift which is pulling.

Aircraft up also have the force of thrust upon the aircraft forward this is created by the propeller, so you can say that lift and thrust are two forces helping the airplane fly now let's look at the other side of that the two forces that counteract these two those forces would be weight and drag.

First we'll look at weight the material used to build this aircraft along with the pilot and baggage weight known as payload in the feel wave I'll make up gross weight along with gravity I'll act as weight pulling down on the aircraftman order for an airplane to fly the lift generated by the wings must be equal to or greater than the weight of the aircraft.

If your craft is over gross weight and your wings cannot produce enough lift to get you off the ground the results can be disastrous under flight simulator 10 in the free flight menu the feel and payload button can take you to the settings to adjust the gross weight of your aircraft your payload which is your pilot's in your baggage plus your feel plus your empty weight will equal your gross weight you can see that this 737-800 is just under the max gross weight opposite of thrust is Drake drag is created simply by the aircraft's existence an object's natural...